How to Use Crutches Correctly?

Dr. Ganesh Navaneedhan M.S Ortho, DNB Ortho, Masters in Sports Sciences

April 9th, 2025

Using crutches can be a vital part of recovery after an injury or surgery. They help you maintain mobility while protecting your injured leg or foot. In this blog, we will explore how to use crutches correctly, including tips for different scenarios, the types of crutches available, and common questions about their use. Whether you are learning how to walk on crutches partial weight bearing, how to walk with crutches weight bearing, or how to walk with crutches non weight bearing, this guide will provide you with the information you need.

What Are Crutches?

Crutches are mobility aids designed to transfer weight from the legs to the upper body, helping individuals recover from injuries or manage chronic conditions. They provide support and stability while allowing for

movement and independence during recovery.

Types of Crutches

There are several types of crutches available, each designed for specific needs. They come in various types, including:

Axillary Crutches: These are the most common type, designed to fit under the armpits.
Forearm Crutches (Elbow Crutches): These provide support through the forearms and are often used for long-term mobility issues.
Platform Crutches: These are used for individuals who cannot bear weight on their wrists or hands.

Benefits of Using Crutches

Using crutches can significantly enhance mobility and independence during recovery. They help:

Reduce Weight on Injured Limbs: This is crucial for healing.
Improve Balance: Crutches provide additional support, making it easier to navigate different terrains.
Facilitate Mobility: They allow individuals to move around without putting pressure on their injuries.

How to Adjust Crutches Correctly?

Proper adjustment is crucial for safe and effective crutch use. Before using crutches, it’s essential to adjust them to your height. Here’s how:

Stand Up Straight: Wear your regular shoes.

Position the Crutches: Place the crutches about 6 inches to the side and in front of your feet.

Check the Height: The top of the crutch should be about 1-2 inches below your armpits.

Adjust the Handgrips: Your elbows should be slightly bent when holding the grips.

How to Walk with Crutches Correctly?

Walking with crutches can be challenging at first. Here are steps for different weight-bearing scenarios:

How to Walk with Crutches Non Weight Bearing?

Position the Crutches: Place both crutches under your arms.

Move Forward: Swing your body forward, using your arms to lift your body weight.

Step Forward: Move the crutches ahead of you, then swing your body forward.

How to Walk with Crutches Partial Weight Bearing?

Place Crutches: Position the crutches under your arms.
Bear Weight: Shift some weight onto the crutches while keeping the injured leg slightly off the ground.
Step Forward: Move the uninjured leg forward, then bring the crutches along.

How to Walk with Crutches Weight Bearing?

Use Crutches for Support: Place the crutches under your arms.
Bear Weight: Shift your weight onto the crutches and step forward with the injured leg.
Maintain Balance: Ensure you are stable before taking the next step.

How to Use Crutches on Stairs?

Navigating stairs can be tricky. Here’s how to do it safely:

How to Climb Stairs with Crutches Non Weight Bearing

Approach the Stairs: Stand at the bottom with crutches in hand.
Lead with the Good Leg: Step up with your uninjured leg first.
Follow with Crutches: Bring the crutches up to the same step.

How to Use Crutches on Stairs Without Railing

Position Yourself: Stand facing the stairs.
Use Crutches for Balance: Place one crutch on the step above.
Step Up: Move your good leg up, then bring the crutches up.

Tips for Using Crutches

Using crutches can be a vital part of your recovery process, allowing you to maintain mobility while healing. However, it’s essential to use them correctly to ensure safety and effectiveness. Here are some practical tips to help you navigate your environment confidently while using crutches.

Practice Balance

Before you start moving around, spend some time getting used to the crutches. Practice balance by standing still and shifting your weight from one crutch to the other. This will help you feel more stable and comfortable when you begin to walk.

Keep Crutches Close

Always keep your crutches within reach to avoid falls. When sitting down or standing up, ensure that your crutches are nearby so you can grab them easily. This practice minimizes the risk of losing your balance while trying to reach for them.

Avoid Slippery Surfaces

Be cautious on wet or icy surfaces, especially when using crutches in the snow. Slippery conditions can increase the risk of falls, so take your time and look for stable footing. If possible, avoid these surfaces altogether until you feel more confident.

Using Crutches for the First Time

Practice in a safe, flat environment before venturing out.
Start on smooth surfaces to build confidence.
Have someone nearby for support and guidance.

Tips for Getting Around on Crutches

Plan Your Route: Before you start moving, plan your route to avoid obstacles. Knowing where you’re going can help you navigate more efficiently and safely.

Remove Hazards: Clear any hazards from your path, such as loose rugs or clutter. A clear path is essential for safe navigation while using crutches.

Take Regular Breaks: Using crutches can be tiring, so take regular breaks to avoid fatigue and maintain your energy levels. Listen to your body and rest when needed.

When Using Crutches, Which Leg Goes First?

When walking, always step with the injured leg first if you are weight-bearing or the good leg first if you are non-weight-bearing. Following this rule helps maintain balance and stability, making your movements smoother and safer.

Additional Tips for Using Crutches

Adjust Crutches Correctly: Ensure that your crutches are adjusted to the proper height. The top should be 1 to 1.5 inches below your armpit, and the handles should be at hip level with a slight bend in your elbows.
Use Proper Technique: Move both crutches together a short distance in front of you (about 18 inches) and take short steps. Keep the crutch tips a few inches from your feet to avoid tripping.
Lean Forward: When walking with your crutches, lean slightly forward to maintain balance and support your weight effectively.

By following these tips, you can enhance your experience using crutches and ensure a safer recovery process. Remember, practice makes perfect, so take your time to get comfortable with your crutches, and don’t hesitate to ask for help when needed.

Side Effects of Using Crutches

While crutches are essential for mobility during recovery, they can come with side effects:

Underarm Nerve Compression: This can occur if the crutches are too high or if you lean too heavily on them.
Wrist and Hand Strain: Incorrect handgrip positioning can lead to discomfort and strain.
Upper Body Fatigue: Overuse of upper body muscles can cause fatigue over time.
Balance Challenges: Improper technique can lead to falls or instability.

Conclusion

Using crutches correctly is essential for a safe and effective recovery. By understanding how to adjust, walk, and navigate stairs with crutches, you can enhance your mobility while protecting your injury. Remember to practice regularly and consult with a healthcare professional if you experience discomfort or have questions about your recovery process. With the right techniques and tips, you can confidently use crutches and regain your independence.

Frequently Asked Questions

+ How to use crutches correctly?

To use crutches correctly, adjust them to your height, practice walking with them in different weight-bearing scenarios, and ensure you maintain proper posture and balance while moving.

+ How to use elbow crutches?

To use elbow crutches, adjust them to fit your height, place your forearms in the cuffs, and use your arms to support your weight while walking, ensuring your elbows are slightly bent.

+ How to adjust crutches correctly?

To adjust crutches correctly, stand straight in your shoes, position the crutches under your arms, and ensure the top is 1-2 inches below your armpits with handgrips at elbow height.

+ How to hold crutches properly?

Hold crutches properly by gripping the handles with your hands while keeping your elbows slightly bent. Ensure the crutches are positioned close to your body for better support.

+ When using crutches which leg goes first?

When using crutches, your good leg goes first when going up stairs, while the crutches and injured leg go first when going down.

+ How to use crutches in the snow?

When using crutches in the snow, take small steps, ensure your crutches have rubber tips for grip, and consider using a snow-friendly surface to maintain balance.

+ How to use crutches on stairs without railing?

To use crutches on stairs without a railing, position one crutch on the step above, step up with your good leg, and then bring the crutches up to maintain balance.

+ How to use crutches on stairs?

To use crutches on stairs, lead with your good leg when going up, and bring the crutches up afterward. When going down, place the crutches first, followed by the injured leg.

+ How to navigate stairs on crutches?

To navigate stairs on crutches, always lead with your good leg when going up and place the crutches down first when going down, ensuring you maintain a steady balance.